NEARCTIC
(California) Chaparral & Woodlands

This is the North American version of the flower rich heathlands habitat found in restricted temperate parts of the planet. There are equivalents in the southern hemisphere with the Kwongan of south west Australia and the Fynbos of southern South Africa. 

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The most infamous snakes of the North American west are of course the Rattlesnakes. The thirty six species in this subfamily are vipers with a modified tail that shakes with noise to warn potential predators. Below is a fairly safe 'Western Rattlesnake' - it's small and dead. (It took me a while to convince myself it was truly dead). No, I didn't kill it.  

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Towhees are two genera of colourful long-tailed sparrows, native to North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The striking 'Spotted Towhee'  is very widespread in drier habitats in the northern Americas, including the Chaparral on the west coast of the U.S.

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The covid family includes not just the crows and ravens, but also the often stunning Jays. And it is the drier habitat of the central and northern Americas where you can see some of the most striking species. Below is the 'California Scrub Jay', which studies have found to be one of the cleverest of all animals.

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Many of the mammals of the Chaparral are small, cute and fluffy! Below is the 'California Ground Squirrel', with it's distinctive mottled 'specked' coat. However, despite their adorable-ness, they have to be pretty tough and clever to deal with ground predators such as rattlesnakes. For the latter they have learned to kick sand in the snake's face, wave their tail around at the predator, chew the snakes sloughed dead skin to cover themselves with the snake's scent, oh, and also they seem to have a slight resistance to the venom in their bite. 

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